隔夜的酒也算酒驾得找个代驾 海沧就有人被抓了

???? ???(??: cloud computing)? ????? ?????(self-service provisioning)? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???(??, ????, ??????) ? IT ???? ??? ???? ????. ???? ???? ?? ?? ??, ??? ????(???? ????)? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??(on-demand availability)?? ?? ???. ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????. IT ??(?? ??? ?? ??)? ???? ??? ????. ?? ??? ??? ??(?: ??? ????, ??? ???, ??, ????, ??????, ???, ?????)? ?? ???? ??? ? ??, ??? ??(on-demand availability of computer system resources) ????[1][2] ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ???? ??? ??. ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??, ???? ??? ??? ????[3] ??? ?? ? ????? ??? ?? ? ??. ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????.
????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??(?: ?? ??)? ?? ? ??? ????. ?? ???, ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??.[4] ?, ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ? ?? ??? ? ??? ? ? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ? ?? ???? ????(IT) ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ? ??? ??? ? ?? ??.[4][5][6] ???? ????? ????? ???(pay as you go) ??? ????. ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ??.[7]
2009?? ??? ????, ??? ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ? ??? ???? ???, ??? ?? ????, ?? ? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????.[8][9][10] ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ? ??, ??? ???? ??? ?? ? ??.[11] 2013?, ???? ???? ?? ??? ??, ?? ??? ??, ???, ???, ???, ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???. ?? ???? ???? ?? 50%? ???? ???? ???,[12] ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ? ??? ??.[13][14]
??
[??]??? ??
[??]"???? ???"??? ??? ??? ???? ??. "????"?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????.[15] ? ?? ?????, ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????(??)? ?? ???? ???.[16] ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????. ???? ??? ?? 1977?? ???? ARPANET[17] ? 1981?? CSNET[18]? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ? ? ???? ?????.
????(cloud)?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ? ???? ??.
??? ??? "???? ???"? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? 1996?? ?????.[19] ? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? 2006??? ??? ????.[20]
1970??
[??]1960?? ?? ???? ?? ??? RJE(?? ?? ??)[21]? ?? ??????. ? ??? IBM? DEC? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????. ??? ??? ????? 1970?? ?? ???(GE ????), ????? CTSS? ?? ??? ??(DEC ????)? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???. ??? ????? IBM ??????? ??? ?????? ??, ???? "??? ??" ??? ????? ?????.
1990??
[??]1990??? ?? ?? P2P ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???(VPN) ????? ???? ????. ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????. ???? ???? ? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ?????.[22] ????? ? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????. ??? CPU? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????, ???, ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????.[23]
2000??
[??]2000? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????. 2008? ?, ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? RESERVOIR?? ??? NASA? ?????(OpenNebula)? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???.[24] ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? IRMOS? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????. [25][26] 2008? ??? ???? ???? ???? IT ???? ???? ???? IT ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? IT ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????.[27]
2006? 8? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????.[20] ??????? ??? "??"(Azure)?? ???? 2008? 10? ????? 2010? 2? 1? "??? ??"(Windows Azure)?? ???? ?????? 2014? 3? 25? ??????? ??? ??? ?????.[28] ????? ??? TOP500 ????? ??? ?????? ?????.[29] 2010? 7? ????? ???? NASA? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????, ? ??? ??????. ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????. ?? ??? NASA? ??? ??? ? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????. 2011? 3? 1? IBM? ??? ???? ???? ?? IBM ??????? ?????? ?????.[30] ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????. 2012? 6? 7? ???? ??? ????? ?????.[31] ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????, ? ????? ?????? ?? ????(SaaS), ???(PaaS), ???????(IaaS) ??? ???? ??? IT ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ??.[32][33][34]
??
[??]???? ???? ??? 1965? ??? ??? ??? ? ???? "??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?"??? ??? ?????? ?????. 1993???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ATM? ???? ? ???. General Magic?? ??? 1995? 3??? AT&T? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????. ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????. ??? 10?? ?? 2005???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????. ??? 2005? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? SaaS? ???? ???. 2007???? SaaS? ???? ???? 2008???? ? ?? SaaS?? ???? ?? ???, IaaS, PaaS? ? ??? ???? ???.
??? ??
[??]???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ? ??? ?????. ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ??? ?? ???. ????? ?? ??? ???? ??, IT ????? ?? ???? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ??.[35] ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???, ??? ???? ???? ?? ? ???? ?? ??, ??? ? ??. ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ? ????? ??, ??? ? ??. ???? IT ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????. ?? ???? ????? ?????, ?? ?? ???? ??? ? ???? ??? ? ??. ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????.[35] ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????. ???? ???? ??? ?? ????(SOA)? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ? ??? ??? ? ? ??. ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ? ??? ??? SOA ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ? ? ?? ??.
???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????, ?? ?? ????? ???? ????. ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??. ??, ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??(feedback loop)? ???? ????, ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??. ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????, QoS(??? ??), ??? ??? ?? ?????. ???? ???? ???/?? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ????.[35]
???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????:
- ????? ?? ?? - ?????-?? ???? ??? ??? ???(??)? ??? ???(?????)? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????.[36]
- ??? ??(Computer bureau) - ?? 1960???? 1980???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??
- ??? ??? - ?? ? ?? ???? ? ??. ?? ? ?? ???? ?? ? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???(loose coupled)? ????? ????? ?????.
- ?? ??? - ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ? ???, ???, ??, ????, ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????. ?, ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????.
- ? ??? - ??? ??? ???? ? ???(dew computing)? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????.
- ????? ??? - ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ??, ??/?? ?? ???, ??? ?? ??, ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???.
- ???? ??? - ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??.[37][38]
- P2P - ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ? ? ?????. (???? ?????-?? ??? ??)
- ?? ???
- ???? ???? - ????, ??, ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ? ??, ??? ??? ??
??
[??]???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?/?? ??? ?????, ???? ? ??, ??, ??, ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?3? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ? ? ??.
???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????:
- ???? ?? ???? ??? ? ???, ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???, ??, ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ? ??.
- ???? ????? ?? ??? ????. ???-???? ?? ??? CAPEX(?? ?? ?)? ?? ???? ????.[39] ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???. ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????. ??, ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? IT ??? ?? ???? ??.[40] e-FISCAL ????? ?? ???[41]? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???, ?? ? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??.
- ?? ? ?? ???[42]? ??? ??? ??? ???, ?? ??(PC, ????)? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ? ????? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ??. ???????? ?? ?? ??(?? ????? ?? ???) ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????.[40]
- ???? ??? ??????? ????? ? ??. ? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????. (?? ?? ??, ?? ? ?)
- ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??, ?? ?? ??? ????:
- ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??? (???, ??? ??)
- ?? ?? ??(peak-load capacity)? ?? (???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ????)
- ?? 10~20%? ???? ???? ?? ? ??? ??
- ??? ???? IT ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ? ???? ???? ???(loosely coupled)? ??? ?????? ????.[40][43][44]
- ?? ???? ?? ? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ? ???? ??? ? ??. ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ???, ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??.[45]
- ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ? ???? ????, ? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???, ?? ??? ????? ?????.[46]
- ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??(???) ?? ?????? ?? ??? ? ???[47][48]. (??? VM ?? ??? VM? ??, ??, ?? ??, ???? ???[47]? ?? ???) ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ??.[49][50][51] ???? ??? ??? ? ????, ??? ???? ?? ? ????? ??? ????.
- ??? ???, ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ???, ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ??. ??? ?? ???? ?????, ?? ??? ? ??? ??, ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ?? ????.[52] ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????. ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??. ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????.
???
[??]??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????. ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????. ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ??. ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???.

??? ??
[??]
??? ?? ????? "?? ?? ????"(everything as a service, EaaS, XaaS, aas)? ?????[53] ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????, ? ??? ? ?? NIST ?? ??? ???? ???????(IaaS), ???? ???(PaaS), ???? ?????(SaaS)? ??.[2] ? ???? ???? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????(???????-, ???-, ???? ?????)[54] ??? ?? ??? ??? ??. ???? ??? ?? PaaS? IaaS ??? ???? ?? SaaS? ?? ??(?? ??)? ??? ? ???, ??? IaaS?? ????? ???? ??? SaaS? ??(wrapping)?? ?? ?? ??? ? ??.
???? ??????? (IaaS)
[??]?? ??? ??? ??(IETF)? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???????, ? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????. IaaS? ??? ??? ??, ??, ??? ????, ??, ??, ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????. ?, ?????, ??? VM, KVM, VM?? ESX/ESXi, ???-V? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????. ???? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??/?? ??? ??? ? ??. ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????. ??? cgroups? ?????? ????? ??, ??, ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????. ?????? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ?????, ? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????. ?, ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??.[55] IaaS ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????, ??(raw) ?? ????, ?? ?? ???? ????, ???, ?? ???, IP ??, ?? ??? ???, ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????.[56]
IaaS ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????. ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????(?? ?? ??? ???) ? ??? ??? ? ??. ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ????.[57] ? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ? ????? ????. ???? ????? ????? IaaS ???? ???? ??? ???? ????: ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ????.[58][59][60][61]
AWS?? ???? EC2? ???? ???. ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ? ??? ???.
???? ??? (PaaS)
[??]PaaS ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????. ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??, ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ????. PaaS ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??, ????? ?? ?? ??, ??????, ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????. ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??, ??? ? ??. ??????? ??, ?? ? ??? ?? ?? PaaS?? ??? ?? ???, ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??. ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??.[62] ?? ? ??? ?? ???? ??? PaaS? ?? ??? ? ???, ???? bitcodin.com??[63] media.io[64]?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ? ? ??.
?? ?? ? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? PaaS? ??? ???????? ?????. ? ?? iPaaS(???? ?? ???: Integration Platform as a Service), dPaaS(???? ??? ???: Data Platform as a Service)? ??. iPaaS? ???? ?? ??? ??, ??, ??? ? ?? ??.[65] iPaaS ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ? ??.[66] dPaaS? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ????.[67] dPaaS ???? ??? ?? PaaS ???? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ? ??? ????. dPaaS ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ? ???? ????.[68] PaaS? ????? ????, ??, ?? ??, ????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????????, ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ??.
??? ???? PaaS? BaaS(???? ????)? ???, ??????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? PaaS? ???? ?? ??.[69]
???(???)? ????? ??? ? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? PaaS? ??, ??? APP ??, Heroku ?? ???? ??.
???? ????? (SaaS)
[??]SaaS ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???. ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ????. SaaS? "??? ?????"(on-demand software)? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???(pay-per-use) ????? ?? ?? ????.[70] SaaS ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??, ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????. ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???. ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??. ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???, ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ? ??.[71] ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???. ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ? ???, ? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ??? ?? ???.
SaaS ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ? ??, ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????[72] ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ? ??.[73] ????? SaaS? ???? ? ????? ???? ? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? IT ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????. ?, ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????/????? ? ??? ?? IT ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ??. ??? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ? ??. SaaS? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????. ? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??. ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????.
SaaS? ??, ????? ???? ??? ????, ????, ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ??.
???? ??? (BaaS)
[??]??? (m) ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???(backend as a service, BaaS)?? ? ?? ??? ? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? SDK? ???? API? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????. ????? ??? ??, ?? ??, ?? ???? ????? ??[74] ?? ????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????,[75] ???? BaaS ???? ???? 2011? ???? ??? ???? ?????[76][77][78] ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????.[79]
???? ???
[??]???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???, ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?, ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????.[80] "???? ???"??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???.[80] ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??, ??, ??? ??? ?? ????.
???? ?????
[??]????? ???? ???, ??, ???, ???? ? ? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????. ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????. ? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ? ???. ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ? ?? ? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????. Ajax? HTML5? ???? ? ? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ? ??. ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ????. (?: ?? ???? ????? ? ???? ??? ?????) ?? ??? ???????(???? ? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????)? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????.
?? ??
[??]
??? ????
[??]??? ????(private cloud, ???? ????)? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???, ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????.[2] ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??. ? ??? ? ????? ??? ? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????. ?? ?? ??? ??[81]?? ????? ?? ?????. ??, ????, ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??. ??? ???? ????? ????? ??, ? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????. ????? ??? ???? ??, ??, ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???.[82] (?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????)[83][84]
??? ????
[??]??? ????(public cloud, ??? ????)? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ??? ? ??.[85] ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ???, ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ? ??. ?????, ??????????, ??? ? ???(AWS), ???????, ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??, ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???. AWS? ???????? ?? "AWS Direct Connect"? "Azure ExpressRoute"?? ?? ?? ????? ????, ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????.[40]
??? ????
[??]??? ????(hybrid cloud, ????? ????)? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ? ??? ????(???, ????, ?? ???)? ????, ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????. ??? ????? ??(collocation), ???? ? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??.[2] ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???, ???, ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????.[86] ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ????? ??? ???, ???, ???? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ???? ? ??. ?? ???? ????? ??????, ??, ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????
??
[??]???? ????
[??]???? ????? ?? ???(??, ? ??, ??? ?)? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ????, ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ?? ? ?? (??? ??? ???? ??? ? ??) ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ? ???? ????.[2]
??? ????
[??]???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????. ? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????: ??? ??? ???, ???? ????.
- ??? ??? ???(public-resource computing): ? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????, ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ???? ?? ????. ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? BOINC? Folding@Home? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ? ? ??.
- ???? ????(volunteer cloud): ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?????. ??? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ?????, ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????. P2P(peer-to-peer) ????, ??? ??????? ?? ? ??. ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? Cloud@Home? ???, ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ????.[87]
??????
[??]??????[88]? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??????[89][90] ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????. ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???, ?? ????? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ???. (?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??)[91][92][93]
??????
[??]??????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???. ?? ?? ?? ??(???, ???, ???)? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??.[94][95][96]
????
[??]
???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????[97]? ??? ?? ?? ???(loose coupling) ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????. ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ? ????? ???(tight coupling)? ???? ??? ????.
???? ?????
[??]???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????. ???? ??? ???? ??, ??, ??, ????? ? ? ???, ???, ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????. ???, ?????, ?, ????, ??, ??, ???, ??, ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????.
??? ?????
[??]???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???. ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???. ‘????’? ? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???, ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????. ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???. ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???. ? ???+? ??+?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????.
???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????. ??? ?? ????? ??? ??, ???? ??? ?? ??.[98] ??? ???? ????? ???? (???? ????) ??? ??? ????, ?? ???? ??? ??? ? ??. ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ???? ? ?? ???? ???? ????. ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????.[98] ????? ???? ?? ??, ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ? ??.[3][98]
???? ???? ?????? ???, ???? ??? 3?? ???? "???? ?? ?????? API", "??? ?? ? ??", "???? ??"??, ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? 29%, 25%, 10%? ????. ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????. ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??. ???? ? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ??.[99] ??? Emagined Security? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???. "???? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???, ???? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ? ??? ???." ??, ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ????? ? ?? ??(?????(hyperjacking)?? ??? ????)?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ? ??. ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??, ?????? 2014 ?? ??? ? ? ??.[100] ????? 2014? 10? ??? ?? 7,000,000 ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????, ?? ???? BTC(????)?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ? ??? ??? ? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ? ??. (??? ??????)[100]
???? ??? ???? ??? ??. (???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ? ???? ??) ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????.[101] ??? ??(??? ????)? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??(??? ????) ? ? ??? ??? ????? ? ?? ? ????. ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??, ????, ??? ??? ??? ???? ????.[102] IT ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ? ????? ?? ??? ? ??. ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??. (???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? "??"? ??) ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????. (?? ?? ??? ?? ??(??? ??, ?? ??)??) ????? ??? ????? ???? ? ?? ???? ?? ? ??? ???? ??? ????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ? ????.[103]
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- ??? ???? ??. ??? ?? ???? ?? IT ???? ????.
- ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ??.
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[??]??? ????? ??? "????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???. ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? - ?? ?? ?? ???? - ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??. ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ??. ?? ? ? ??? ? ?? ??: ??? ????, ??? ???."?? ????. ?, ?? "???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ? ???" ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????.[104] ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ? ? ??. ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????.[105] ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????, ???, ???? ?? ? ????? ??? ???.[106] ???? ? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?(??? ??? ??)? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????.[107]
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- ??? ??? ???? ????, ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??.
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- ????? ???? ??? ?? ???.
- ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ??.
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[??]???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????.[108] ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???????(CTO)? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???.[109] ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ? ?? 10? ??? ????. ???? 2011?? ???????? ?? $9.6bn ???? ?? ? 90%? ??? ????? ????.[110] Centaur Partners? SaaS ??? 2011? US$13.5B?? 2016? $32.8B? ??? ???? ????.[111] ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? SaaS? ????.[112] ??? ? ?? ???? ?? ??, ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??.[113]
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[??]- ↑ Hassan, Qusay (2011). “Demystifying Cloud Computing” (PDF). 《The Journal of Defense Software Engineering》 (CrossTalk) 2011 (Jan/Feb): 16–21. 2014? 5? 14?? ?? ?? (PDF)?? ??? ??. 2014? 12? 11?? ???.
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- ↑
Kurdi, Heba; Li, Maozhen; Al-Raweshidy, H. S. (2010). 〈Taxonomy of Grid Systems〉. Antonopoulos, Nick. 《Handbook of Research on P2P and Grid Systems for Service-Oriented Computing: Models, Methodologies and Applications》. IGI Global research collection. IGI Global. 34?. ISBN 978-1-61520-687-2. 2015? 7? 29?? ???.
Nowadays Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) has become as [sic] the main architectural model of many IT initiatives including grid, cloud and everything as a service (Essa\XaaS\aas) computing.
- ↑
Alcaraz Calero, Jose M.; K?nig, Benjamin; Kirschnick, Johannes (2012). 〈Cross-Layer Monitoring in Cloud Computing〉. Rashvand, Habib F.; Kavian, Yousef S. 《Using Cross-Layer Techniques for Communication Systems》. Premier reference source. IGI Global. 329?. ISBN 978-1-4666-0961-7. 2015? 7? 29?? ???.
Cloud Computing provides services on a stack composed of three service layers (Hurwitz, Bloor, Kaufman, & Halper, 2009): Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Software as a Service (SaaS).
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- ↑ Ananich, Anthony. “What is IaaS?”. 《ananich.pro》. 2016? 3? 2?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2016? 2? 20?? ???.
- ↑ “Amazon EC2 Pricing”. 2014? 7? 7?? ???.
- ↑ “Compute Engine Pricing”. 2014? 7? 7?? ???.
- ↑ “Microsoft Azure Virtual Machines Pricing Details”. 2014? 7? 7?? ???.
- ↑ “cloud.ca”.
- ↑ Boniface, M.; ?. (2010), 《Platform-as-a-Service Architecture for Real-Time Quality of Service Management in Clouds》, 5th International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and Services (ICIW), Barcelona, Spain: IEEE, 155–160?, doi:10.1109/ICIW.2010.91
- ↑ “bitcodin – cloud based transcoding and streaming”. 2015? 4? 22?? ???.
- ↑ media.io
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- ↑ Loraine Lawson. “IT Business Edge”. 2015? 7? 6?? ???.
- ↑ Enterprise CIO Forum; Gabriel Lowy. “The Value of Data Platform-as-a-Service (dPaaS)”. 2015? 4? 19?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2015? 7? 6?? ???.
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- ↑ Hamdaqa, Mohammad. 《A Reference Model for Developing Cloud Applications》 (PDF). 2012? 10? 5?? ?? ?? (PDF)?? ??? ??. 2017? 2? 3?? ???.
- ↑ Chou, Timothy. 《Introduction to Cloud Computing: Business & Technology》.
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- ↑ Alex Williams (2012? 10? 11?). “Kii Cloud Opens Doors For Mobile Developer Platform With 25 Million End Users”. 《TechCrunch》. 2012? 10? 16?? ???.
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- ↑ Dan Rowinski (2011? 11? 9?). “Mobile Backend As A Service Parse Raises $5.5 Million in Series A Funding”. 《ReadWrite》. 2012? 10? 23?? ???.
- ↑ Pankaj Mishra (2014? 1? 7?). “MobStac Raises $2 Million In Series B To Help Brands Leverage Mobile Commerce”. 《TechCrunch》. 2014? 5? 22?? ???.
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- ↑ ? ? Miller, Ron (2015? 11? 24?). “AWS Lambda Makes Serverless Applications A Reality”. 《TechCrunch》. 2016? 7? 10?? ???.
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- ↑ Rouse, Margaret. “What is public cloud?”. Definition from Whatis.com. 2014? 10? 12?? ???.
- ↑ “Mind the Gap: Here Comes Hybrid Cloud – Thomas Bittman”. 《Thomas Bittman》. 2015? 4? 22?? ???.
- ↑ Vincenzo D. Cunsolo, Salvatore Distefano, Antonio Puliafito, Marco Scarpa: Volunteer Computing and Desktop Cloud: The Cloud@Home Paradigm. IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications, NCA 2009, pp 134–139
- ↑ Bernstein, David; Ludvigson, Erik; Sankar, Krishna; Diamond, Steve; Morrow, Monique (2009? 5? 24?). “Blueprint for the Intercloud – Protocols and Formats for Cloud Computing Interoperability”. IEEE Computer Society: 328–336. doi:10.1109/ICIW.2009.55. ISBN 978-1-4244-3851-8.
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- ↑ King, Rachel. “Pivotal's head of products: We're moving to a multi-cloud world”. ZDnet. 2014? 7? 3?? ???.
- ↑ Multcloud manage multiple cloud accounts. Retrieved on 06 August 2014
- ↑ “Building GrepTheWeb in the Cloud, Part 1: Cloud Architectures”. Developer.amazonwebservices.com. 2009? 5? 5?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2010? 8? 22?? ???.
- ↑ ? ? ? “Cloud Computing Privacy Concerns on Our Doorstep”.
- ↑ Chhibber, A (2013). “SECURITY ANALYSIS OF CLOUD COMPUTING” (PDF). 《International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences》 2 (3): 2278–6252. 2016? 10? 26?? ?? ?? (PDF)?? ??? ??. 2015? 2? 27?? ???.
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- ↑ “Disadvantages of Cloud Computing (Part 1) - Limited control and flexibility”. 《www.cloudacademy.com》. 2016? 11? 3?? ???.
- ↑ “The real limits of cloud computing”. 《www.itworld.com》. 2016? 11? 3?? ???.
- ↑ “The real limits of cloud computing”. 《www.itworld.com》. 2016? 11? 3?? ???.
- ↑ Smith, David Mitchell. “Hype Cycle for Cloud Computing, 2013”. Gartner. 2014? 7? 3?? ???.
- ↑ “The evolution of Cloud Computing”. 2017? 3? 29?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2015? 4? 22?? ???.
- ↑ “Microsoft Says to Spend 90% of R&D on Cloud Strategy”. 2013? 10? 18?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2015? 4? 22?? ???.
- ↑ “Roundup Of Cloud Computing Forecasts And Market Estimates, 2014”. 《Forbes》. 2015? 11? 22?? ???.
- ↑ “The 2016 Top New Products”. 《Accounting Today News》. 2016? 2? 5?? ???.
- ↑ Attardi, Jim. “Cloud Technology and Its Implication for Quality Service”. 2015? 7? 27?? ???.
?? ??
[??]- Millard, Christopher (2013). 《Cloud Computing Law》. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-967168-7. 2016? 11? 8?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2017? 2? 15?? ???.
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[??]????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????.
- (??) Proper use of the term "cloud computing" - ??? M. ???