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????? ???(midrange computer), ? ????? ???(midrange system)? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ? ????.[1]
? ??? ??? 1960??? ????? ??? ???? ?????(PDP ??), ??? ???(NOVA), ?? ???(HP3000) ??? ??, ?? ? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???.[2]
IBM? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? "????? ???"?? ??? ????.[3]
?? ??
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[??]- ↑ Estabrooks, Maurice (1995). 《Electronic technology, corporate strategy, and world transformation》. Westport, Conn.: Quorum Books. 53?. ISBN 0899309690.
- ↑ Bell, Gordon (2015? 1? 9?). “Rise and Fall of Minicomputers”. 《Engineering and Technology History Wiki》 (??). 2017? 4? 5?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2017? 1? 28?? ???.
- ↑ “1969 IBM System/3 promotional ad - midrange, minicomputer, Computer History, RPG”. 《Computer History Archives Project》. Netherlands. 2021? 12? 14?? ?? ???? ??? ??.